For more than half a century, global oil trade has quietly anchored the dominance of the U.S. dollar. Born from crisis and sustained through discipline, the petrodollar system reshaped markets, alliances, and enforcement without formal declaration. From its origins in the 1970s to modern sanctions and oil diplomacy, this investigation traces how currency power became one of the most consequential—and least examined—forces in global geopolitics.
Nigeria Is Not the Target — Africa Is
On Christmas Day, bombs fell on Nigeria under the language of security and moral urgency. InnerKwest traces the deeper pattern — a 400-year Western intrusion into Africa’s solvency, sovereignty, and industrial future.
The Invisible Leash on the African Union
How Soft Power, Foreign Influence, and Internal Fractures Constrain Africa’s Pursuit of True Sovereignty By InnerKwest Editorial At first glance, the African Union (AU) is the proud symbol of a continent rising. Its marble halls, diplomatic summits, and bold declarations reflect the aspirations of over a billion people seeking unity, development, and self-determination. But beneath the surface, a complex web …



