Why Monopoly Concerns Intensify When Africa Controls the Refinery

From Extraction to Control: Why African Industrial Power Suddenly Alarms Global Markets

As the Dangote Refinery transforms Nigeria’s and the continent’s energy landscape, a deeper geopolitical debate is emerging across Africa: why does industrial concentration suddenly become alarming only when African-controlled infrastructure begins disrupting decades-old dependency structures?

IK-MAR-24

Congo: Extraction, Power, and the Price of Silence — Part I: Lumumba and a Trial 65 Years Too Late

More than 60 years after Patrice Lumumba’s assassination, a Belgian courtroom revisits the case. But the trial raises a deeper question: can justice address a system rooted in colonial extraction and geopolitical power?