France’s formal military withdrawal from Côte d’Ivoire may signal transition, but across Africa many continue questioning whether the deeper architecture of post-colonial influence ever truly disappeared.
The Trauma of Colonization Is Not Only History but Memory for Many Africans
For many Africans, colonialism is not distant history but inherited memory. As Emmanuel Macron attempts to reposition France in Africa, he faces a continent increasingly unwilling to separate diplomacy from the emotional realities of colonial rule.