Political independence did not dismantle every economic structure Africa inherited. Now, from payment systems and African capital to trade, credit ratings, energy and security, new institutions are beginning to change what economic sovereignty can mean—and who determines its terms.
The CFA Franc: How a Colonial Currency Still Shapes Africa’s Economic Future
More than sixty years after independence, millions of Africans still use a currency designed and constrained outside the continent. The CFA franc reveals how colonial power adapts rather than disappears.


